Relación entre la fuerza y el rendimiento en patinadores de short track/ Relationship between strength qualities and short track speed skating performance in young athletes

La revista científica Scandinavian Journal Medicine Science in Sports acaba de publicar un estudio llevado a cabo por Felser y col. (2015), de la Universidad de Rostock, en Alemania, sobre la relación entre la fuerza y el rendimiento en jóvenes patinadores de short track.
Tras valorar la fuerza isométrica y concéntrica de la musculatura del tren inferior, así como la velocidad y tiempos en distintas distancias en patinaje, los resultados que obtuvieron en esta investigación fueron que existe una relación entre la velocidad de patinaje y la fuerza máxima concéntrica en los extensores de la pierna. Además, sugieren que para ser capaz de transferir la fuerza en el hielo de una manera óptima, es necesario estabilizar la articulación de la rodilla y tobillo, por lo que un trabajo de la musculatura del tibial anterior y de los peroneos sería recomendable.
Los autores del estudio también destacan la importancia del trabajo de fuerza estática o isométrica de los isquiotibiales.

Este tipo de estudios serán de gran ayuda para conocer mejor el patinaje de velocidad, y poder planificar un entrenamiento de fuerza de una manera más óptima e inteligente.

Abstract

Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2015 Feb 14. doi: 10.1111/sms.12429. [Epub ahead of print]
Relationship between strength qualities and short track speed skating performance in young athletes.
Felser S1, Behrens M, Fischer S, Heise S, Bäumler M, Salomon R, Bruhn S.
Author information
1Department of Exercise Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.

This study analyzed the relationships between isometric as well as concentric maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) strength of the leg muscles and the times as well as speeds over different distances in 17 young short track speed skaters. Isometric as well as concentric single-joint MVC strength and multi-joint MVC strength in a stable (without skates) and unstable (with skates) condition were tested. Furthermore, time during maximum skating performances on ice was measured. Results indicate that maximum torques during eversion and dorsal flexion have a significant influence on skating speed. Concentric MVC strength of the knee extensors was higher correlated with times as well as speeds over the different distances than isometric MVC strength. Multi-joint MVC testing revealed that the force loss between measurements without and with skates amounts to 25%, while biceps femoris and soleus showed decreased muscle activity and peroneus longus, tibialis anterior, as well as rectus femoris exhibited increased muscle activity. The results of this study depict evidence that the skating times and speeds are primarily influenced by concentric MVC strength of the leg extensors. To be able to transfer the strength onto ice in an optimal way, it is necessary to stabilize the knee and ankle joints.

© 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

KEYWORDS:
Short track speed skating; joint stabilization; maximum voluntary contraction strength; neuromuscular activation